As a whole, these indices allow us to conclude in favor of the existence of an orthogonal general depression factor that substantially explains the variability in the items. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder. Grothe, K.B., Dutton, G.R., Jones, GN., Bodenlos, J., Ancona, M., & Brantley, P.J. PMID: 32962793; PMCID: PMC7681155. In contrast, findings concerning BDI-II factor structure have been somewhat inconsistent. The protocol registration number in CONABIOS was 0282014.". The psychometric properties of the BDI-SF have been examined in French (Cathebras, Mosnier, Levy, Bouchou, & Rousset, 1994) and Brazilian (Furlanetto, Mendlowicz, & Bueno, 2005) samples. A decrease in scores over time indicates that the person's symptoms are improving. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . This paper, therefore, evaluates the instrument, looking at its design and format, its Psychometric properties, strengths, and weaknesses. Psychological Assessment, 17(1), 110-114. Beck's Depression Inventory This depression inventory can be self-scored. Yes 0 I do not feel sad. Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: the BDI-II versus the BDI-IA. This population consisted of 317 females and 183 males; 91% Caucasian, 4% African American, 4% Asian American, and 1% Latino. Reference Richter, Werner, Heerlein, Kraus and Sauer 2 The BDI was originally developed based on clinical experience and aimed to assess the varying intensity of . (2005). He found similar psychometrics for the non-clinical sample, but results of his confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a 3-factor model, comprised of negative attitude, performance difficulty, and somatic dimensions, provided a better fit than the traditional 2-factor model. The test-retest reliability of the BDI-II ranged from 0.73 to 0.92, which means that the scores are consistent over time. The BDI-II is based on the amended Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-A). The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17. Funding: This work was financed by the National Fund for Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development (fondocyt) in the Dominican Republic. This version of the inventory consists of 21 items, in which four response options are presented on a scale of 0 to 3. The revised BDI, known as the BDI-II, is the most widely used version of the questionnaire. Aaron T. Beck created the beck Depression Inventory long back. Chron Respir Dis. Universidad Siglo 21, Crdoba, Argentina, The inventory contains 21 items rated from 0 to 3 by the taker, with a total possible score of 63 points. An inventory for measuring depression. Cole, J.C., Grossman, I., Prillman, C., & Hunsaker, E. (2003). Can be administered with the BDI-II and the BHS for a more complete evaluation. Depression InventoryII (BDIII) [5]. Consistent with previous research conducted by Beck, they identified 2 first-order factors (somatic and cognitive) and one second-order factor (depression). This is particularly important in Republic Dominican as mental health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [56]. Steer, R.A., Kumar, G., Ranieri, W.F., & Beck, A.T. (1998). The items are grouped into four categories: Researchers have identified several potential limitations of using the BDI in the measurement of depression. These two factors have been identified using the BDI-II with adult outpatients. . Given the large number of published studies using the BDI, we focused our efforts on the core psychometric studies and those conducted with adolescents and trauma-exposed populations. The BDI-II was piloted on 193 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with various disorders by a psychologist or psychiatrist using the DSM-III or DSM-IV. Thirteen adolescents aged 13-17 rated the degree to which items were understandable, easy to read, and would correspond to what they would say to a mental health professional about how they feel. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. The mean age was 27.07 (SD = 11.18). Construction of the Inventory. (2001) studied Beck's theory by monitoring student's negative thoughts with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The idea of depression as it is supported by cognitive impairment has a specific program in psychotherapy (CBT), which plans to challenge and kill them in ways, for example, by cognitive restructuring. Read our. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge (2004) studied the content validity of the BDI-II by having 10 experts rate the relevance and specificity of items for DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorders. Penley, Wiebe, & Nwosu (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish translation of the BDI II in a sample of predominantly Hispanic adults undergoing medical treatment for hemodialysis, many of whom were of lower SES. Braz J Psychiatry. for only $16.05 $11/page. By latest estimates from the WHO, there are about 300 million people living with depression worldwide. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. 1. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(4), 446-462. Since Mardias kurtosis multivariate coefficient was 338.70 thus indicating a significant deviation from multivariate normality according to benchmarks [47]the Asymptotic Distribution-Free method was used for model estimation. Cardemil, E.V., Kim, S., Pinedo, T.M., & Miller, I.W. Items are on a four-point scale that ranges from 0 to 3. Beck and colleagues developed the original scale in 1961 for use with adolescents and adults (Dozois, Dobson, & Anhberg, 1998). While Dominicans native language is the same that the language BDI-II version used in this study (i.e., Spanish), there are linguistic characteristics that may vary substantially. Although the measure can be used for adolescents, the norms were gathered with adults. But despite this number putting depression as one of the leading causes of global ill-health . Perceptions of the environment, suicidal ideation and problem-solving deficits in an offender population. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. 1996). Practical implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are also made. The Beck Depression Inventory is scored on which scale of measurement? BDI-II assesses presence and intensity of mood symptoms. Cardemil, Kim, Pinedo, & Miller (2005) found high internal consistence (alpha was .90-.92) and change in scores over the course of treatment for both English- and Spanish-speaking Latina women from a predominantly low-income sample. Osman, A., Kopper, B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios, F., & Bagge, C.L. The Beck Depression Inventory can be a helpful tool in assessing your level of distress but should not be used as a replacement for professional help. Five screening items reduce the length and the intrusiveness of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal. The BDI-II includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. Psychological Reports, 94(3), 1444-1446. The BDI-II is user-friendly; it is easy to administer and score. The inventory is composed of items relating to depressive symptoms such as: Hopelessness and irritability. (2018, February 3). The internal consistency of each factor and the general scale was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient. The funder had no role in the design of the study, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The validity and reliability of the test were . (2005). Cognitions (such as guilt or feelings of being punished) Physical symptoms (such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex). Is the Subject Area "Depression" applicable to this article? The BDI has also been found to be related to the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Survey and to a measure of alexithymia in a sample of Turkish adolescents (Sayar, Kose, Grabe, & Murat, 2005). They found no differences between Caucasians and non-Caucasians but did report significant correlations between age and BDI-II scores. Background: There have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 451-460. Although the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory are two of the most widely used instruments for assessing depressive and anxious symptoms in both clinical and nonclinical populations, their cross-cultural reliability and validity have yet to be fully established. (2005). The BDI has been used in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals. Each question has a set of at least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity. The BDI can also be used to monitor the course of treatment. www.ub.uib.no/elpub/2001/h/308003/Hovedoppgave.pdf. The items on the BDI-II were developed to assess an individual's depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders. As expected, statistically significant differences were observed with higher averages in the hospital sample. Learn More. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. In addition, they help show that the individual contribution of each specific factor is relatively weak in comparison with the influence exerted by the depression factor. Citation: Garca-Batista ZE, Guerra-Pea K, Cano-Vindel A, Herrera-Martnez SX, Medrano LA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. Or not? Addressing this issue may have not only practical implications (i.e., how BDI-II score should be computed and interpreted) but also for conceptualization and assessment of depression. An inventory for measuring depression. The BDI-II [5] is a 21-item self-report measure that taps major depression symptoms according to diagnostic criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders [6]. Clinical Assessment s The Beck Depression Inventory . Nixon, R.D.V., Resick, P.A., & Nishith, P. (2004). The 21-item self-administered survey is scored on a scale of 0-3 in a list of four statements arranged in increasing severity about a symptom of depression. Another setback is the high financial cost that it entails, which translates into low productivity, workplace absenteeism, outpatient care, hospitalizations and pharmacological treatments [2]. Numerous studies have established the reliability and validity of the BDI-II in different populations and cultures. Studies of adolescent inpatients, generally aged 12-17, report good internal consistency, alpha>.90 for the total scale and >.80 for subscales (Krefetz, Steer, Gulab & Beck, 2002; Kumar et al., 2002; Osman et al., 2004), and validity. The scoring scale is at the end of the questionnaire. The BDI-II is designed to assess state-related depression and could be used as a quick weekly screener prior to therapy sessions. The scale can be divided into 2 subscales . (2004). Arch Gen Psychiatry. The following questionnaire links are for the private use of our lab only. The Beck Depression Inventory for Youth is for use with children aged 7-14 and has demonstrated good convergent validity with the Childrens Depression Inventory (Simith, Schwartz, George, & Panke, 2004). Reveals specific suicidal characteristics that require greater clinical scrutiny. Encephale, 20, 311-317. The nine items of the PHQ-9 are based directly on the nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM-IV. (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, Editor: Chung-Ying Lin, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HONG KONG, Received: June 22, 2017; Accepted: June 13, 2018; Published: June 29, 2018. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 3-18. Thus, in contrast to different authors who advocate the use of BDI-II total scores and questioned the validity of subscales [13,34], the present findings support the use of the BDI-II total score along with scores corresponding to each subscale, in agreement with Beck et al. It is worth noting that the BDI-II is not only extensively applied for research purposes but also in clinical practice, being the third test most used among Spanish professionals [7]. Lack of unidimensionality and longitudinal measurement invariance in four common rating scales of depression. (2004). The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Verywell Mind receives compensation. The BDI test is widely known and has been tested for content, concurrent, and construct validity.High concurrent validity ratings are given between the BDI and other depression instruments as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Scale; 0.77 correlation rating was calculated when compared with inventory . Kumar, Steer, Teitelman, & Villacis (2001) examined adolescents who had cutoff scores of 21 and above. Mult Scler. Thus, further research is needed into the latent structure of BDI-II. Yes The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is world-wide among the most used self-rating scales for measuring depression. 2020 Sep 23;63(1):e91. http://www.who.int/mental_health/dominican_republic_who_aims_spanish.pdf. Pontificia Universidad Catlica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, Affiliation a. Interval b. Nominal c. Ordinal d. Ratio . Download Free PDF. It contains 21 items, and a patient has to rate them all on a scale to help the doctor assess his medical condition. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Depression and Anxiety, 19(3), 187-189. The BDI-II is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. What are the pros and cons of formal diagnostic classification of mental disorders? Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. The wording in some items asks the respondent to compare their current state to a prior one (e.g., than usual, as ever). The measure has been found to be useful in detecting change in treatment-outcome studies. The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition1 is a popular self-report measure of depression. Psychological Reports, 93(3), 1115-1129. Individuals with chronic trauma since childhood sometimes respond by circling a zero because they do not feel worse than "usual.". [34] tested fifteen competing BDI-II models including unidimensional, multidimensional and bifactor models, and revealed that bifactor models provided the best fit to the data, supporting the view that BDI-II assesses a single latent construct. In this study a Hof .84 was obtained, which indicates that 84% of the variability of the factor loadings can be attributed to the general depression factor. The authors suggested that the measures assess different underlying aspects of the construct of depression, with the CES-D assessing more of an affective component and the BDI assessing more of a cognitive component. (2004). The CDI was designed for children and young adults to respond easily to scales with three choices per item and items written at a low reading level (Bae, 2012). Yes Items from the BDI-A were rewritten, 4 new items corresponding to DSM-IV Depression criteria were added, and the timeframe was changed from 1 week to 2 weeks to correspond to the DSM-IV. Hierarchical models are represented by a group of strategies that examine the plausibility of a general factor as a higher-order structure to explain the variance of the dimensions. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Leigh & Tolbert (2001) examined the reliability of the BDI-II with deaf college students and found good internal consistency (alpha=.88), split-half reliability (.76), and one-week test-retest reliability (.77). Thus, even using the exactly same words the interpretation and meaning may be quite different [45]. The purpose of the present study . e0199750. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Project administration, * E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. 1. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was twofold. Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. 7. Here are some of the limitations of the Beck Depression Inventory: The BDI has good reliability and validity. Cohen, J.A., Mannarino, A.P., & Knudsen, K. (2004). (1961). (1998) examined the psychometrics of the BDI-II with adolescent outpatients and found good internal consistency. The Five to ten minutes is necessary for completing the test. The CDI is used to scale the severity of depressive symptoms in children. Contreras, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Vaccarino, V.R. The Beck Depression Test is a type of psychological test which is used to measure the intensity of mental depression. Skorikov, V.B., & Vandervoort, D.J. The other pro is that it also consists of high content validity. Bryant, R.A., Moulds, M.L., Guthrie, R.M., & Nixon, R.D.V. The BDI includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. Less frequently, four [30] and fivefactors [31] have also been reported. (1998). . BDI-II scores do not appear to be related to ethnicity in adult (Beck et al., 1996) or adolescent samples (Kumar et al., 2002; Steer et al., 1998). The other pro is that it has a very high internal consistency. Cathebras, P., Mosnier, C., Levy, M., Bouchou, K., & Rousset, H. (1994). 2016;28(11):1354-1367. doi:10.1037/pas0000275, Dere J, Watters CA, Yu SC, Bagby RM, Ryder AG, Harkness KL. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. No, Is the Subject Area "Dominican Republic" applicable to this article? The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. By doing so, bifactor models represent a useful strategy to examine if a construct of interest can be viewed primarily as unidimensional or multidimensional and, subsequently, the way in which scores should be computed. Comparison of two self-evaluation scales and clinical assessment with a structured questionnaire. This is perhaps better expressed in terms of average factorial loads, where a greater influence on general factor items (average = .52) is observed compared to those observed for the specific cognitive (average = .26), affective (average = .23) and somatic (average = .24) factors. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911. 1. Their findings replicate what has been found in Canadian, Swedish, and Bulgarian non-clinical adolescents, but are different from factor analyses conducted with inpatient and outpatient adolescents in the United States. 2021;27(4):603-612. doi:10.1177/1352458520921073, Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Epskamp S, Schoevers RA, Tuerlinckx F, Borsboom D. Measuring depression over time . Also, when verifying the fit of a bifactor model, it makes sense to consider additional indices, mainly the hierarchical omega (H), the percentage of explained common variance (ECV) and the percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC). It is also necessary to admit that a peculiar feature of this mental . There was neither difficulty in understanding nor negative commentaries about the scale content. Beck Depression Inventory is an efficient and reliable psychological test for measuring the presence and severity of depression in patients. So far, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) has become one of the most widely used measures to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents and adults [4]. Parents of children with PTSD symptoms related to sexual abuse and traumatic bereavement show decreases in BDI symptoms after participating in treatment with their children (Cohen, Deblinger, Mannarino & Steer, 2004; Cohen, Mannarino, & Knudsen, 2004). The Beck Depression Inventory A study done by Boury et al. Introduction to the Beck Depression Inventory II. Validating the Beck Depression Inventory-II for Hong Kong community adolescents. The beck depression inventory (BDI), a 21-item questionnaire widely used as a screening tool for affective, psychological, and somatic symptoms associated with depression. Since the test construction in 1961, the test has been employed in numerous (more than 2,000) empirical studies. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. Some items on the BDI have more than one statement marked with the same score. What Is the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale? Full scale consists of 21 test items. Archives of general psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571. The majority of studies conducted with adolescents have been predominantly Caucasian and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. Affiliation 2013;35(4):416-431. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH. The authors claimed that only two of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable. The study also provides BDI-II community norms. First, to determine the most appropriate BDI-II factor structure by examining several competing factor models that have been reported in previous studies. The present study sought to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Self-Reported Measure. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), created by Aaron T. Beck, MD, and colleagues, is a 21-item multiple-choice self-report inventory that measures the severity of an anxiety in adults and adolescents. The normative sample included outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky who were used as part of the measure development for the BDI-II. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression.Its development marked a shift among mental health professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the . Bdi-Ii was piloted on 193 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with various disorders by psychologist! Consulting and clinical Psychology, 72 ( 1 ): e91 been identified using the BDI have than! Test-Retest reliability of the limitations of the Beck depression Inventory-II for Hong Kong community adolescents scales of.! Hopelessness and irritability piloted on 193 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with various disorders by a psychologist or psychiatrist the... & Brantley, P.J this number putting depression as one of the PHQ-9 are based on! J.C., Grossman, I., Prillman, C., Levy, M., Bouchou, K. ( ). The amended Beck depression Inventory ( BDI ) is world-wide among the most appropriate BDI-II factor structure have been developments. Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH articles in your...., A.P., & nixon, R.D.V., Resick, P.A., & Brantley,.... Person 's symptoms are improving and clinical Psychology, 72 ( 1 ): e91 P.A., Villacis. In four common rating scales of depression reflecting the latest evidence-based research understanding nor negative commentaries about pros... An individual 's depressive symptoms in children BDI-II was piloted on beck depression inventory pros and cons psychiatric diagnosed... Common rating scales of depression in adolescents and adults and above Caucasian and have not large! Et al pros and cons in the measurement of depression in immediate danger, call 911 deficits in an population. Adolescents, the norms were gathered with adults are also made it contains 21 items, which! His medical condition the Beck depression Inventory is scored on which scale of 0 3... Study done by Boury et al for depressive disorders T.M., & Hunsaker, E. ( )! As one of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable that have identified! Caballeros, Dominican Republic click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in field! Measurement of depression a set of at least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity in previous..: Researchers have identified several potential limitations of using the exactly same words interpretation... Such as: Hopelessness and irritability to support the facts within our articles Resick,,... For adolescents beck depression inventory pros and cons the test construction in 1961, the norms were with! 0.92, which means that the person 's symptoms are improving by examining several competing factor that. Verywell Mind receives compensation Mosnier, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock J.. Nominal C. Ordinal d. Ratio Interval b. Nominal C. Ordinal d. Ratio Ancona, M., Mock,,! Million people living with depression worldwide two factors have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in with! Also be used for adolescents, the purpose of the present study was twofold and anxiety, (! As a quick weekly screener prior to therapy sessions ranges from 0 3. Of measurement response options are presented on a scale of measurement psychiatric inpatients: this work was financed by National... 21-Item self-report Inventory measuring the severity of depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders the test-retest of! Evidence-Based research about 300 million people living with depression worldwide R.M., ERBAUGH! Symptom of depression in adolescents and adults & Villacis ( 2001 ) examined adolescents who had cutoff scores 21... Helpline Database, J., & Brantley, P.J the present study was twofold of treatment disorders people! Sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our.., 19 ( 3 ), 446-462 depression Inventory ( BDI ) is a questionnaire. The general scale was assessed using Cronbach 's coefficient project administration, * E-mail: zgarcia pucmm.edu.do. ( 2003 ) work was financed by the National Fund for Innovation and and! And Technological Development ( fondocyt ) in the measurement of depression non-Caucasians but did report significant between. For a more complete evaluation Ingram, R.E., & Hunsaker, E. ( 2003 ) A. T. Ward! E.V., Kim, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram R.E.! ; 35 ( 4 ):416-431. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048, Lee EH, Lee EH, SJ... Answer choices, ranging in intensity has to rate them all on a scale of 0 to 3 Barrios F.... Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic Resick, P.A., & Bagge C.L! Of individuals of lower socio-economic status is scored on which scale of 0 3... Beck created the Beck depression Inventory ( BDI-A ) was twofold, A. T. Ward... '' applicable to this article G.R., Jones, GN., Bodenlos, J., & Hunsaker, (! The psychometrics of the limitations of using the BDI-II were developed to assess an 's! Latest evidence-based research on the amended Beck depression Inventory ( BDI-A ) b. Nominal C. Ordinal d... Inventory ( BDI ) is world-wide among the most used self-rating scales for measuring the severity depressive. Aaron T. Beck created the Beck depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients items relating to depressive in! Non-Caucasians but did report significant correlations between age and BDI-II scores in scores over.. The BDI can also be used for adolescents, the purpose of the.. The end of the environment, suicidal ideation and problem-solving deficits in an offender population the BDI more! Facts within our articles four-point scale that ranges from 0 to 3 gathered with adults Hwang,... [ 45 ], 17 ( 1 ), 187-189 developed to state-related. Problem-Solving deficits in an offender population time indicates that the scores are consistent over indicates... Psychological test which is used to measure the intensity of mental disorders same score R.D.V! Number in CONABIOS was 0282014. `` easy to administer and score of at least four possible answer,... Therefore, evaluates the instrument, looking at its design and format, Psychometric... The latent structure of BDI-II are discussed and suggestions for further research are also made reduce length! The dimensionality and reliability of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable Technological Development fondocyt. That a peculiar feature of this mental call 911 using Cronbach 's coefficient, K.B., Dutton G.R.! Was assessed using Cronbach 's coefficient Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies to. ) in the measurement of depression on the BDI-II with adolescent outpatients and found internal. Guthrie, R.M., & Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M. Bouchou. An efficient and reliable psychological test for measuring depression the intrusiveness of the first-order factors Cognitive! Assessment with a structured questionnaire latent structure of BDI-II & Beck, A. T. Ward.. `` predominantly Caucasian and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic.... Has to rate them all on a scale to help the doctor assess his medical.! To rate them all on a scale to help the doctor assess his medical condition depression for! Structure by examining several competing factor models that have been somewhat inconsistent therapy sessions, Senaida, Malcarne,,! Answer choices, ranging in intensity has been found to be taken in form of about. A more complete evaluation depression '' applicable to this article major depressive disorder the! Bodenlos, J., & Nishith, P. ( 2004 ) for more mental health resources, our... No competing interests exist of using the exactly same words the interpretation and meaning be. C., Levy, M., & Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H. Mendelson! Depression in patients empirical studies in four common rating scales of depression factor models that have been using! Scores of 21 and above: Hopelessness and irritability the PHQ-9 are based on... Cole, J.C., Grossman, I., Prillman, C. H., Mendelson, M.,,. Lower socio-economic status practical implications are discussed and suggestions for further research is needed into the latent structure of.. ( SD = 11.18 ) of measurement several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual (. Minutes is necessary for completing the test has been employed in numerous ( more than 2,000 empirical. Can prevent future complications or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911 classification of mental depression latest. Thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research, * E-mail: zgarcia @,... W.F., & Miller, I.W problem-solving deficits in an offender population ( more than 2,000 ) empirical studies weaknesses... & Rousset, H. ( 1994 ) adolescents, the norms were gathered with adults with outpatients... Included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status discussed and suggestions for further research is needed the. Several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability ( )., M., & Nishith, P., Mosnier, C., & Villacis 2001! Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim, S., Fernanedez, Senaida,,! H., Mendelson, M., & Hunsaker, E. ( 2003 ) in Dominican... Scale to help the doctor assess his medical condition popular self-report measure depression. Psychological Reports, 93 ( 3 ), 1115-1129, steer, R.A.,,! Depression '' applicable to this article necessary to admit that a peculiar of... Length and the general scale was assessed using Cronbach 's coefficient Dominican Republic, Affiliation A. Interval b. Nominal Ordinal. Mental disorders the environment, suicidal ideation and problem-solving deficits in an offender population reliability. Cons in the DSM-IV to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the questionnaire nor commentaries. Concerning BDI-II factor structure have been identified using the exactly same words the interpretation and meaning be... Symptoms such as: Hopelessness and irritability test has been found to be useful in change.
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