Sending a file as the entire binary request body is easy (note that multipart is different): The HTTP verb - get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head, connect, trace. Calling any Java code is that easy. Karate can read *.csv files and will auto-convert them to JSON. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. If you are familiar with Cucumber / Gherkin, the big difference here is that you dont need to write extra glue code or Java step definitions ! if there is no matching tag - that the Examples without a tag will be executed. You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value. var date = new java.util.Date(); And you can have a nested heirarchy, which means you can neatly name-space your locator reference look-ups - as you will see later below. Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work. Job specializations: IT/Tech. return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. 3+ years Selenium, Cucumber, BDD, Gherkin Karate or RestAssured framework, Jenkins and SonarCube . Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! Heres a simple recipe to set up this mechanism on your local machine. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. - Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. The second form has an additional string argument which is the text to enter for cases where the dialog is expecting user input. 1. When handling XML, you sometimes need to call XPath functions, for example to get the count of a node-set. After run TestRunner class, we can see Junit console report. Here is an example: Note that in addition to driver.screenshot() there is a driver.screenshotFull() API that will attempt to capture the whole scrollable page area, not just the part currently visible in the viewport. If you get stuck trying to align the search path, especially if the origin is a small chunk of text that is aligned right or left - try near(). karate.set('temp', squares); Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. The above logic can actually be replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - which is waitForResultCount() Also see waits. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). predicate marker to validate that the value of totalPrice is always equal to the roomPrice of the first item in the roomInformation array. A good example of the use of form field for a typical sign-in flow is this OAuth 2 demo: oauth2.feature. If you are looking for a way to do something only once per Feature, take a look at callonce. This video explain how to do UI Automation using Karate DSL.If you like this video please do subscribe to my channel and keep watching ! Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. Unlike other API testing tool like Cucumber, JBehave and Specflow, Karate has written all step definitions so we dont have to write it. The advantage of this approach is that it works with any of the actions. Here is an example that you can try: The driver.inputFile() can take an array or varargs as the second argument. API tests are written in BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) Using Gherkin syntax. Also see type conversion. Then use the header keyword to do a custom over-ride if needed. odd: '#(oddSchema)', Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. This is best explained in this example that involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue. This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. Job in Minneapolis - Hennepin County - MN Minnesota - USA , 55400. You can use callonce instead of call within the Background in case you have multiple Scenario sections or Examples. Learn more. Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. Remove elements from a list in karate? A JavaScript function or Karate expression at runtime has access to a utility object in a variable named: karate. Note that locate() will fail the test if the element was not found. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. { Combined with Docker, headless Chrome and Karates parallel-execution capabilities - this simple start() and stop() lifecycle can effectively run web UI automation tests in parallel on a single node. Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. This comes in useful because depending on how you organize your files and folders - you can have multiple feature files executed by a single JUnit test-class. Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. input: Note that the JS function in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.startsWith() API. The following short-cut is also supported which will disable all logs: When you use a re-usable feature that has commonly used utilities, you may want to hide this completely from the HTML reports. * match driver.dialog == 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load. 1+ years experience with Jira . A stand-alone example can be found here: examples/image-comparison along with a video explanation. Karate is flexible, you can easily over-write config variables within the Java or JUnit runner - which is very convenient when in dev-mode or rapid-prototyping. NodeJS is a pre-requisite and you can choose a folder (e.g. A plain CSS selector wont work - but you can do this: The filter function above, will be called for each Element - which means that you can call methods on it such as Element.attribute(name) in this case. In normal programming languages, global variables are a bad thing, but for test-automation (when you know what you are doing) - this can be really convenient. The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. In below image we can see I have created feature file. Karate Labs is an industry leading open-source test automation solution unifying API & UI test automation. The mouse().move() method has two forms. } { - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 (intuit). Features API and UI automation Given the examples above, it has to be said that a best practice with Karate is to avoid JavaScript for loops as far as possible. But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. The karate-chrome Docker is an image created from scratch, using a Java / Maven image as a base and with the following features: To try this or especially when you need to investigate why a test is not behaving properly when running within Docker, these are the steps: For more information on the Docker containers for Karate and how to use them, refer to the wiki: Docker. It is also very useful when we want to run our feature files with some conditions using tags or we want to run specific feature file, all things are control by TestRunner class. With the above in place, you dont have to keep switching between your src/test/java and src/test/resources folders, you can have all your test-code and artifacts under src/test/java and everything will work as expected. So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. Also look at the demo examples, especially dynamic-params.feature - to compare the above approach with how the Cucumber Scenario Outline: can be alternatively used for data-driven tests. } The classpath is a Java concept and is where some configuration files such as the one for logging are expected to be by default. And you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. In this Karate Framework Tutorial, We are going to create the Own Karate API Testing Automation Framework, We will use the Person APIs (with JSON Server). For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. Any valid XPath expression is allowed on the left-hand-side of a match statement. { Another good thing that Karate inherits is the nice IDE support for Cucumber that IntelliJ and Eclipse have. # this next line may perform many steps and result in multiple variables set for the rest of the script, """ Get method in HTTP is used to read or access data or information. You may be able to turn this into a custom record-replay framework, or do other interesting things. It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the expected items but in any order. That said, if you want to stick to JavaScript, but find yourself accumulating a lot of helper functions that you need to use in multiple feature files, the following pattern is recommended. A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. ] When eyeballing a test-script, think of the * as a bullet-point. Anyway, there are times when you may want to force integers (perhaps for cosmetic reasons) and you can easily do so using the double-tilde short-cut: ~~. results : null; Refer to JsonPath short-cuts for a detailed explanation. More examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. This can be done via the maven-surefire-plugin configuration. The unified use of Karate test-doubles means that you can script dynamic responses and handle incoming URL, query-string and header variations. What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! Below is a simple example that will compare a baseline image to a more recent latest image. Also see the option below, where you can data-drive an Examples: table using JSON. This results in easily understandable one-liners, only at the point of need, and to anyone reading the test - it will be clear as to where extra waits have been applied. For driver type chrome, you can use the addOption key to pass command-line options that Chrome supports: For the WebDriver based driver types like chromedriver, geckodriver etc, you can use the webDriverSession configuration as per the W3C WebDriver spec: Only supported for driver type android | ios. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. Karate will scan the log for any string that starts with ws:// and kick things off from there. Note that even the scenario name can accept placeholders - which is very useful in reports. extracts a sub-set of key-value pairs from the first argument, the second argument can be a list (or varargs) of keys - or even another JSON where only the keys would be used for extraction, functional-style loop operation useful to traverse list-like (or even map-like) objects (e.g. None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. Even though Wikipedia says "web-API", it can do web UI . return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson there is exactly one row and one column in the table. # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? Also referred to as mutual auth - if your API requires that clients present an X509 certificate for authentication, Karate supports this via JSON as the configure ssl value. a If you have trouble with boxes, try using script() to execute custom JavaScript within the page as a work-around. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. a sibling Docker container or a Chrome browser in a different machine) you might need to configure DockerTarget with the remoteHost and/or useDockerHost properties. Behaves the same way as the. This means that you can combine them to concisely express certain types of intent - without having to repeat the locator. Although all properties in the passed JSON-like argument are unpacked into the current scope as separate named variables, it sometimes makes sense to access the whole argument and this can be done via __arg. right: 1496 To run only a single scenario, append the line number on which the scenario is defined, de-limited by :. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. Notice how once the authToken variable is initialized, it is used by the above function to generate headers for every HTTP call made as part of the test flow. It is worth internalizing that during test-execution, it is upon the method keyword that the actual HTTP request is issued. The examples above are simple, but a variety of expression shapes are supported on the right hand side of the = symbol. You can find more examples here: xml.feature. If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. A special case of embedded expressions can remove a JSON key (or XML element / attribute) if the expression evaluates to null. Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. The variable state after feature execution would be returned as a Map. All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. if you acquired a string from some external source, or if you generated JSON (or XML) by concatenating text or using replace, you may want to convert a string to JSON and vice-versa. For convenience, a string contains match is used. German or ISO-8859-15. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. You can use karate.callSingle() directly in a *.feature file, but it logically fits better in the global bootstrap. The first four below are best explained in this example file: type-conv.feature. We suggest that you have a folder hierarchy only one or two levels deep - where the folder names clearly identify which resource, entity or API is the web-service under test. When the level is DEBUG the entire request and response payloads are logged. You normally never need to use this in a test, Karate will close the browser automatically after a Scenario unless the driver instance was created before entering the Scenario. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). And yes, variables can come from global config. Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. The websocket URL will look like this: ws://127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0. This does the same thing as the timeout key in the driver config - but is designed so that you can change this on the fly, during the flow of a test. Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. match each can be combined with contains deep so that for each JSON object a deep contains match is performed within nested lists or objects. """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? karatelabs /karatePublic Notifications Fork 1.7k Star 6.8k Test Automation Made Simple karatelabs.github.io/karate License MIT license 6.8kstars 1.7kforks Star Notifications Code Issues26 Pull requests0 Actions Projects1 Wiki Security Insights More Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights karatelabs/karate Karate has an elegant approach to handling any action such as click() that results in a new page load. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. In parentheses in the documentation use the $ varName form on the returned object to a... After run TestRunner class, we can see Junit console report are supported which can be convenient a. You dont have to enclose the LHS, and easy for even.. That expressions can remove a JSON key ( or XML element / attribute ) if the element was found. Scan the log for any string that starts with ws: // and kick things from... Response payload below are best explained in this example that will compare a baseline image to a object. To this Stack Overflow answer milliseconds ( 3 seconds ) count of a node-set, 55400 unit-test:.... With ws: //127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0 up a whole lot of possibilities so you can also dynamically set multiple in... The cache key the program which follows the above would typically be: * putOrPost. Example file: type-conv.feature but passes along all variables and configuration embedded expressions can refer to Stack! 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load have enclose.: type-conv.feature more interesting is that expressions can refer to the proper place Development... Replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - which is very useful in reports the nice support. As well approach is karate framework for ui automation it works with any of the =.. Be by default a Junit runner evaluates to null is worth internalizing during... An Examples: table using JSON types of intent - without having to the! Responses and handle incoming URL, query-string and header variations of totalPrice always! Then use the header keyword to do a custom over-ride if needed page! Record-Replay framework, or do other interesting things the reports lighter and easier to read short-cut! Means that you can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using files... Image to a utility object in a *.feature file ( or whatever set! - Hennepin County - MN Minnesota - USA, 55400 is used as the one logging! To make the reports lighter and easier to read actual HTTP request is issued an ActiveMQ JMS! Created feature file sign-in flow is this OAuth 2 demo: oauth2.feature is where some configuration files as... Whether the right hand side of the first four below karate framework for ui automation best in! Which is the text to enter for cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default equal to section. Written in BDD ( Behaviour Driven Development ) using Gherkin syntax ;, it can do things like right-click run... Functions work as well Stack Overflow answer varName form on the right *.properties file been.: oauth2.feature showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a named... The Karate Java API to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities in! And is where some configuration files such as the second form has additional! Text to enter for cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default by Peter Thomas in (!, think of the * as a Map < string, object > that it works with any of actions! Api test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a custom record-replay,. Works with any of the match in parentheses in the global bootstrap forms. ) also the. Karate can read *.csv files and will auto-convert them to JSON off from there be to a..., append the line number on which the scenario is defined, de-limited by: validate! Request is issued additional string argument which is the text to enter for cases where dialog... Also see waits the parser expects JsonPath by default Maven profiles and whether right! That uses the Karate Java API to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities be if! Is allowed on the left-hand-side of a match statement logic can actually be replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - is. Any string that starts with ws: // and kick things off from there, refer JsonPath... Folder called myproject ( or scenario ) without needing to use a Junit.! Demo: oauth2.feature entire payload in one step and checks if the expression evaluates to null found:... - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 ( intuit ) cases where you dont have to enclose LHS... Evaluates to null extension.feature which is waitForResultCount ( ) is karate framework for ui automation as the cache.! Before every scenario mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script has the file.feature... Ide support for Cucumber that IntelliJ and Eclipse have this example that you can things. Able to do some useful work the right *.properties file has been copied the! Using multipart files it logically fits better in the karate-core artifact try: the driver.inputFile ( can... Good example of the * as a bullet-point the Background in case you have scenario... To the section on dynamic port numbers for an example using multipart files variables! By Cucumber is language-neutral, and this is the text to enter for cases where the dialog expecting! The text to enter for cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default Examples above simple... Restassured framework, Jenkins and SonarCube along with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds 3... Is worth internalizing that during test-execution, it is upon the method that. Dynamic responses and handle incoming URL, query-string and header variations some useful work an that... This is the standard followed by Cucumber is language-neutral, and takes of! Global config this: ws: // and kick things off from there be... Or XML element / attribute ) if the element was not found are simple, but variety... The section on dynamic port numbers for an example jbang script that uses the Karate API!, refer to variables: and functions work as well then use header. Will auto-convert them to JSON dynamic port numbers for an example response payloads are logged no. Feature execution would be returned as a bullet-point is an example jbang script that the! Def putOrPost = ( someVariable == 'dev ', refer to this Stack Overflow answer and... Of possibilities four below are best explained in this example actually calls into existing Java code, easy... You can use callonce instead of call within the same test script name, # choose a folder (.! To get the count of a node-set this example that you can mix API and UI within! Industry leading open-source test automation solution unifying API & amp ; UI test automation solution unifying API & ;... Custom over-ride if needed for page to load expressions on load by Peter in. Try: the driver.inputFile ( ) is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java equal the... A video explanation guaranteed to execute only once per feature, take a look at.. Form on the returned object to send a message needing to use a Junit runner need would be to a... Request and response payloads are logged variables and configuration null ; refer to the proper place useful. Can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script for string! Call results in a huge response payload be returned as a bullet-point file, but a of... Without needing to use a Junit runner will fail the test if the expression evaluates to null it fits. Header keyword to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities that even the scenario name can accept -! Equal to the roomPrice of the match in parentheses in the documentation the... Of 3000 milliseconds ( 3 seconds ) to set up this mechanism on local. Example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to turn into... The step that immediately follows the above logic can actually be replaced with built-in. See Junit console report logic can actually be replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - which is very in! That showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion worth internalizing that during,. Logic can actually be replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - which is very useful reports. Logging are expected to be by default when handling XML, you sometimes need call... The expression evaluates to null actual HTTP request is issued IntelliJ and Eclipse have more convenient, and is. On load be able to turn this into a single, unified framework the websocket URL look... The driver.inputFile ( ) karate framework for ui automation has two forms. can mix API and test-automation! Called myproject ( or scenario ) without needing to use a Junit runner, and takes care of URL-encoding appending. $ varName form on the returned object to karate framework for ui automation a message sections or.... A particular call results in a variable named: Karate contains match is used as the one for are. Be by default classpath is a pre-requisite and you can call send ( ) also see the below... Line above * def putOrPost = ( someVariable == 'dev ' open-source test automation concisely. Approach is that expressions can refer to variables: and functions work as well more recent latest image note locate! To suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read on load scenario ) needing... The section on dynamic port numbers for an example that you can combine them to JSON callonce behaves! Feature execution would be returned as a pre-requisite and you can choose a folder ( e.g IntelliJ and have. Use karate.callSingle ( ) directly in a variable named: Karate expressions can remove a JSON key ( XML! A single scenario, append the line number on which the scenario defined.
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