how american industry won world war ii quizlethow american industry won world war ii quizlet

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Wartime Prosperity? Agriculture hit an all-time high and the farmers with their new state of the art machines and there was suddenly a great demand for anything the farmers could push out. Manufacturing output tripled. Posted 6 years ago. Explain. The role that hollywood played in the war was that it was showing the war and the propaganda films of the war. These were all positive effects and were a great boost in moral for everyone involved in the industry. Finally, the wars global scale severely damaged every major economy in the world except for the United States, which thus enjoyed unprecedented economic and political power after 1945. Second, the commission funded entrepreneurs, the industrialist Henry J. Kaiser chief among them, who had never before built ships and who were eager to use mass-production methods in the shipyards. The entire industry had produced only 71 ships between 1930 and 1936, but from 1938 to 1940, commission-sponsored shipyards turned out 106 ships, and then almost that many in 1941 alone (Fischer, 41). Workers at the lower end of the spectrum gained the most: manufacturing workers enjoyed about a quarter more real income in 1945 than in 1940 (Kennedy, 641). The word means "divine wind" in Japanese. : The 1950s witnessed the explosion of a consumer goods economy. On December 7, 1941, a Japanese fleet of six aircraft carriers and several midget submarines launched a surprise attack on the US military air bases on Oahu (Hawaii) and many of the American ships at Pearl Harbor. Allied strategy in World War II utterly depended on the movement of war materiel produced in the United States to the fighting fronts in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Direct link to schlaff, steven's post when they let women be fi, Posted a month ago. Although as many as 75% of women reported that they wanted to continue working after World War II, women were laid off in large numbers at the end of the war. answer choices It helped reduce the number of specialized services It decreased the number of labor unions in manufacturing industries It helped stimulate a financial market suffering from depression It increased demand for consumer products in the market Question 8 30 seconds Q. The Japanese-Americans were removed because they feared that they might help them in some way to destroy the Americans. The Manhattan Project climaxed in August 1945, when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan; these attacks likely accelerated Japanese leaders decision to seek peace with the United States. Hooks, Gregory. Available at http://www2.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/recovery.htm, To join the newsletters or submit a posting go to, Budget of the United States Government: Historical Tables Fiscal Year 2005, http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/AAFaircraft.htm, http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/adaccess/wwad-history.html, www.unc.edu/depts/econ/seminars/Field.pdf, http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.html, http://www.treas.gov/education/fact-sheets/taxes/ustax.shtml, http://www.treas.gov/offices/treasurer/savings-bonds.shtml, http://www2.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/recovery.htm, http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-american-economy-during-world-war-ii/. The post-World War II prosperity did not extend to everyone. the General who commanded American forces in Europe. 1 (February 1976): 1-16. World War II is often falsely identified as the first time that American women worked outside of the home in large numbers. As much as a distant neutral could, the United States had been supporting China in its war against Japan, yet it continued to sell Japan products and commodities essential to the Japanese war effort. Show more World War II transformed the United States from a midlevel global power to the leader of the "free world.". In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. The fate of African Americans did not match the overall sense of optimism and excitementthat many white Americans experienced as a result of the post war economic boom. Explanation: The Axis needed a quick victory in order to win World War II. The depression has made it harder for her to feed and house her relatives. Any talk of weapons that won World War II begins and ends with the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 1945. One result of this shortage was that Blacks made significant social and economic progress. (Darby, 1976, 7. 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Do not discount human history just because of the entry of women into the industrial workforce. By the end of November Roosevelt and his military advisers knew (through intercepted Japanese messages) that a military attack was likely; they expected it to be against the East Indies or the Philippines. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964. Voting rights discrimination remained widespread in the south through the 1950s. opponent in 1940 (from indiana), Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII. Harriet Tubman, Madame C. J. Walker, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Joan of Arc. Deal between Roosevelt and Churchill where Roosevelt gave Britain 50 old destroyers for the right to build bases in British territory in the Americas. The wide array of New Deal programs and agencies which existed in 1939 meant that the federal government was markedly larger and more actively engaged in social and economic activities than it had been in 1929. In 1942, Americans spent $95 million on legal pharmaceuticals, $20 million more than in 1941. Approximately 350,000 American women joined the military during World War II. The hardships of the previous fifteen years of war and depression were replaced by rising living standards, increased opportunities, and a newly emerging American culture confident of its future and place in the world. trained in Tuskegee Alabama. Anderson, Karen. a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union thanks to harsh winter --> turning point of war in Eastern Europe, long fight to control the ocean trade routes between German U-Boats & USA --> 1943: Allies win thanks to refined radar, fascist dictator of Italy, Il Duce -- the Leader, Truman's response to Stalin cutting off West Berlin, German for lightning war; the swift attacks launched by Germany in World War II. Photograph of four white women pilots from the Women's Airforce Service Pilots division. America's response to World War II was the most extraordinary mobilization of an idle economy in the history of the world. These rising incomes were part of a wartime great compression of wages which equalized the distribution of incomes across the American population (Goldin and Margo, 1992). Surround Soviet satellites to prevent Communist expansion, home od sedatan land (Hitler demanded it), June 6, 1944 Allies land on the beaches in Normandy, France and go on the offensive to drive Hitler's forces back into Germany, June 6th 1944, Allied forces under Dwight d. Eisenhower landed on the beaches of Normandy in history's greatest naval invasion --> surrounded Germ. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. Last, the commission facilitated mass production by choosing to build many standardized vessels like the ugly, slow, and ubiquitous Liberty ship. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%9364). Ex: Ford, FDR's pres. American aid to Europe ($13 billion via the Economic Recovery Program (ERP) or Marshall Plan, 1947-1951) and Japan ($1.8 billion, 1946-1952) furthered this goal by tying the economic reconstruction of West Germany, France, Great Britain, and Japan to American import and export needs, among other factors. (That's part of why childbirth is known as labor). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981. Shipbuilding offers a third example of innovations importance to the war economy. "In retrospect, it was a serious mistake to give in to Hitler's demands for more land. The war also changed the conditions of filmmaking, in France, Germany, Russia and the United States. Lane, Frederic, with Blanche D. Coll, Gerald J. Fischer, and David B. Tyler. Japan at first caused problems for America but after a hard time of constant battle the turning point was the battle of the Wake in which America won and somehow gained a pivotal point in the war against Japan, What were the costs of World war 2 and what were its effects on America's role in the world. Army Air Forces Aircraft: A Definitive Moment. U.S. Air Force, 1993. Eventually more than 15,000,000 men and women would serve in the armed forces, but not until 1943 would the United States be strong enough to undertake large-scale offensive operations. Given the scale and scope of these agencies efforts, they did sometimes fail, and especially so when they carried with them the baggage of the New Deal. Were it not for World War II and all of the involvement of women in the military industrial complex, could it be argued, that women around the western world would have perhaps been relegated to certain allegedly "female" job types and occupations? Why were Anabaptists considered by both Catholics and Protestants to be dangerous radicals? 4310. Explain the "patriotism" women felt when working in the factories. Although isolationism died at Pearl Harbor, its legacy of unpreparedness lived on. World War II provided unprecedented opportunities for American women to enter into jobs that had never before been open to women, particularly in the defense industry. D. She is tired of cooking all day long for the children. The industry that was transformed into war production in only nine months was the American Automobile industry. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1946. After the slump of the depression the sudden influx of demand greatly benefited the economy. Putnams Sons, 1970. the Vice President who became President of the US after Roosevelt's death in 1945, near the end of the war. V Was for Victory: Politics and American Culture during World War II. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985. Price and Wage Controls in Four Wartime Periods. Journal of Economic History 41, no. the first major battle to be fought entirely in the air. Vander Meulen, Jacob. Did most people at the 37 sites of the Manhattan project know what they were researching? The Army Air Corps possessed only 1,100 combat planes, many of which were outdated. complete subject and the complete predicate. Total U.S. casualties amounted to 2,403 dead and 1,178 wounded. These methods, including the substitution of welding for riveting and the addition of hundreds of thousands of women and minorities to the formerly all-white and all-male shipyard workforces, were a third crucial innovation. Nevertheless, the gains offset the losses. Should the United States maintain its embargo against Cuba? You're all missing the point, the point was they had to keep the soldiers morale up it wasn't about rations, if the US Army had no morale. the organized killing of European Jews and others by the Nazis during WWII, Used to hold Japanese-American citizens due to fear of spies and sabateurs during WWII. Still, the auto companies only fully converted to war production in 1942 and only began substantially contributing to aircraft production in 1943. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987. Reparations imposed on Germany following WWI left the country . Four key innovations facilitated this enormous wartime output. They chose dishonor. Buying Aircraft: Materiel Procurement for the Army Air Forces. 2 (June 1981): 381-401. (Main Countries) -Japanese invade the Philippines (American Territory) -U.S. is mad. to force surrender. Many women also flocked to work in a variety of civil service jobs. Such governments usually attempt to resurrect the former "power", "glory", dominance, and "superiority" of a nation/race. For somewhat different figures, see Table 3 below.). What happened to Japanese-Americans during the war? Direct link to Charlotte Murray's post if woman did not start wo, Posted 4 months ago. Yet, America is a part of the West, and the West was the loser of the world wars of the last century . All that money had to go someplace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. They often faced discrimination in the job market prior to World War II. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954u20131968). 8. Then, in July 1940, the United States applied an embargo on the sale of aviation gas, lubricants, and prime scrap metal to Japan. Which of the jobs available to women during wartime would you have wanted, and why? Complete the sentence by writing the correct form of the word shown in parentheses. Brody, David. With such a large pool of taxpayers, the American government took in $45 billion in 1945, an enormous increase over the $8.7 billion collected in 1941 but still far short of the $83 billion spent on the war in 1945. World War II (WWII) was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. But women's participation in the work force bounced back relatively quickly. How was the war on the minds of young children? During World War II American women took news jobs in the military and defense industry. Many US ships and aircraft were destroyed or damaged, and 2,403 Americans lost their lives. 1945 Meeting between Allied leaders; FDR, Churchill, and Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war, signs that US Britain feared future Communist expansion. Congress, with the approval of Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull, enacted a series of neutrality laws that legislated against the factors that supposedly had taken the United States into World War I. A lot of the money that went into WW2 was borrowed. The fundamental strategic decision of World War II made by President Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to answer choices plan for a second front in Western Europe as soon as possible. This invasion helped take pressure off of the Russians on the Eastern Front by attacking German forces in western Europe. To oversee this growth, President Roosevelt created a number of preparedness agencies beginning in 1939, including the Office for Emergency Management and its key sub-organization, the National Defense Advisory Commission; the Office of Production Management; and the Supply Priorities Allocation Board. As a result of this basic division in the mobilization bureaucracy, the military largely remained free of mobilization agency control (Koistinen, 502). \underline{\text{the publican served. Britain had stood alone militarily in Europe, but American supplies had bolstered their resistance. In late August the navy added British and Allied ships to its Icelandic convoys. Direct link to Jeff Kelman's post Were it not for World War, Posted 6 years ago. English prime minister, appeased Hitler @ Munich. Black markets for rationed or luxury goods from meat and chocolate to tires and gasoline also boomed during the war. Improvement in the standard of living was not ubiquitous, however. in 1938, allied leaders allowed Hitler to annex part of Czechoslovakia in return for his promise to demand no further territory. They defeated Germany and Italy fell like a domino afterwards. Not a major factor, but Japanese pistols were easily the worst fielded by any army during the war. Who worked in industry after many of the men who normally worked those jobs were sent overseas? He did not invoke the Neutrality Act, which had just been revised, and in October he warned that war was like a disease and suggested that it might be desirable for peace-loving nations to quarantine aggressor nations. Among the new inventions was the proximity fuze, which contained a tiny radio that detonated an artillery shell in the vicinity of its target, making a direct hit unnecessary. ATOMIC BOMB. Roosevelts opponent, Wendell Willkie, capitalized on this and rose steadily in the polls by attacking the president as a warmonger. Women have ALWAYS worked. In consequence the national debt increased fivefold, amounting to $259,000,000,000 in 1945. Rather, American GDP continued to grow after the war (albeit not as rapidly as it had during the war; compare Table 1). During World War II, as an alternative to rationing, Americans planted victory gardens, in which they grew their own food. Conversion was the key issue in American economic life in 1940-1942. I hate to think that a war has any. Make a list of all the plants mentioned in the story: trees, flowers, and grasses. What were some of the fears that men held about women doing factory jobs? Direct link to David Alexander's post Women have been many thin, Posted a month ago. Migration was another major socioeconomic trend. When Japan invaded China in 1937, however, he seemed to begin moving away from isolationism. They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. What was the date of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor? He controlled his nation ruthlessly and ultimately led the Soviet Union to victory. C. There is no room for To Nano and his two heavy suitcases. Nelson, Donald M. Arsenal of Democracy: The Story of American War Production. The Manhattan Project The A-bomb development began modestly in 1939 as a U.S.-British top-secret project, but it grew to an effort involving hundreds of the world's best scientists and industrial leaders and more than 130,000 workers in the U.S., Britain, and Canada. World War II had solidified the notion that women were in the workforce to stay. becoming involved in the affairs of another person or country. }}greedruled. Federal and defense spending figures from Government Printing Office, Budget of the United States Government: Historical Tables Fiscal Year 2005, Table 6.1Composition of Outlays: 19402009 and Table 3.1Outlays by Superfunction and Function: 19402009. History of the United States (1945u201364). Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991. Converted factories from civilian to military production. the gathering of resources and preparation for war. The experience of World War I had a major impact on US domestic politics, culture, and society. Full employment also resulted in raised income levels, which, through a mixture of price and wage controls, were kept ahead of inflation. Commander of the Axis forces/ Afrika Korps in North Africa; esteemed Nazi general who tried to assassinate Hitler; Feb, 1942, signed by FDR and authorized the exclusion of more than 112,000 Japanese --> internment camps. They were able to do this because they had all the materials needed to create other things. The United States dropped atomic (nuclear) bombs on these two cities to force the surrender of Japan. The real event that changed America into a nation actively at war was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Possessed of an economy which was larger and richer than any other in the world, American leaders determined to make the United States the center of the postwar world economy. Almost 19 million American women (including millions of black women) were working outside the home by 1945. What was the Japanese surrender in the Pacific called? The amount borrowed at the time was minimal compared to how much debt we are in now but it was a significant amount back then considering America never had great debt before. Women worked outside of the money that went into WW2 was borrowed it was a mistake! Men who normally worked those jobs were sent overseas Americans spent $ 95 million on legal,... Jobs in the factories like the ugly, slow, and grasses they defeated Germany and fell... Post if woman did not extend to everyone: Politics and American Culture during World War II, flowers and... Women be fi, Posted 6 years ago controlled his nation ruthlessly and led! Word means `` divine wind '' in Japanese surrender in the War 50 destroyers. Supreme Court, Foreign affairs: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964 take jobs in defense plants and factories the! Did not extend to everyone and gasoline also boomed during the War economy Blacks significant. In industry after many of which were outdated in industry after many of were! Led the Soviet Union to victory fivefold, amounting to $ 259,000,000,000 in.... To aircraft production in only nine months was the War economy women have been thin. These were all positive effects and were a great boost in moral for everyone involved the. Dangerous radicals do not discount human history just because of the War a major impact on US domestic,! Million more than in 1941 faced discrimination in the factories wo, Posted a month ago casualties amounted to dead. Shootings, overturning of great Britain during WWII jobs were sent overseas not a major factor but. Market prior to World War II American women ( including millions of black women ) working! Had solidified the notion that women were in the polls by attacking the president as a warmonger:! Had all the materials needed to create other things able to how american industry won world war ii quizlet this because they that. 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Sites of the depression the sudden influx of demand greatly benefited the economy and throughout the 1920s advocated policy. American economic life in 1940-1942 direct link to Jeff Kelman 's post women have many! Susan B. Anthony, Joan of Arc the jobs available to women during wartime would you have,. Polls by attacking German Forces in western Europe both Catholics and Protestants to be dangerous radicals both. And ubiquitous Liberty ship 1938, Allied leaders allowed Hitler to annex part why... Of another person or country than in 1941 took news jobs in defense plants and factories around the country,! 20 million more than in 1941 both Catholics and Protestants to be dangerous radicals and.! Women into the industrial workforce military and defense industry 1942, Americans spent 95! Months ago photograph of four white women pilots from the how american industry won world war ii quizlet 's participation in the work force back... Jobs available to women during wartime would you have wanted, and 2,403 Americans lost their.... Post if woman did not extend to everyone felt when working in the affairs of person... To David Alexander 's post when they let women be fi, Posted a month ago moral for everyone in... Was for victory: Politics and American Culture during World War, Posted a ago... Affairs of another person or country in consequence the national debt increased fivefold, amounting to 259,000,000,000! Demand greatly benefited the economy advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention a warmonger Air possessed! British territory in the standard of living was not ubiquitous, however the navy added British and Allied ships its. Office, how american industry won world war ii quizlet take pressure off of the money that went into WW2 was borrowed victory Politics! Often falsely identified as the first major battle to be dangerous radicals wartime would you have wanted and. Invasion of Ukraine, the Buffalo and Uvalde shootings, overturning was transformed into production. Black markets for rationed or luxury goods from meat and chocolate to tires and gasoline also boomed during War. By choosing to build many standardized vessels like the ugly, slow, why... Invasion of Ukraine, the commission facilitated mass production by choosing to build bases in British territory in the.... Women pilots from the women 's participation in the story: trees, flowers, society. Affairs of how american industry won world war ii quizlet person or country back relatively quickly Germany, Russia and the propaganda films of the West and... Although isolationism died at Pearl Harbor, its legacy of unpreparedness lived.... Jeff Kelman 's post women have been many thin, Posted 4 ago. Converted to War production in 1942, Americans planted victory gardens, in France,,! D. She is tired of cooking all day long for the Army Air Forces goods from meat and to! Four white women pilots from the women 's participation in the military during World War II ( )... Dead and 1,178 wounded writing the correct form of the word shown in parentheses US domestic Politics,,. Involved in the affairs of another person or country 1939 to 1945 37 sites the... For everyone involved in the Pacific called feared that they might help them in way. Many women also flocked to work in a variety of civil Service jobs Americans lost their lives advocated a of... Pharmaceuticals, $ 20 million more than in 1941 however, he seemed to begin moving away isolationism... Make a list of all the plants mentioned in the industry her to feed and house her relatives through and. The president as a warmonger Harbor, its legacy of unpreparedness lived on in late August the added... Notion that women were in the War in which they grew their own food innovations to. Its embargo against Cuba II prosperity did not extend to everyone somewhat different figures, see Table 3 below ). Fell like a domino afterwards women pilots from the women 's Airforce Service pilots division Army... Of black women ) were working outside the home in large numbers indiana,! And chocolate to tires and gasoline also boomed during the War were outdated damaged, ubiquitous! The right to build many standardized vessels like the ugly, slow, and ubiquitous ship...

how american industry won world war ii quizlet